Suitable soil:
Onions grow in most types of lands, but it is best grown in yellow, fertile, well-drained lands that are free of weeds and pathological infections, and that they are free of salts, and that the percentage of calcium in the ground does not exceed 10% so as not to affect the shape of the resulting bulbs.
Planting time:
1- On the front side: From ½ October to ½ November.
2- Lower Egypt: From November ½ to the first of January, and it must not be delayed so as not to affect the size of the bulbs and the yield.
The varieties that we grow only two varieties:
Giza White – Red Italian
The appropriate amount of seeds for planting a seedling
An acre is sufficient for 30 kg of seed
Arboretum land preparation
– The onion nursery is planted 50-60 days before planting the seedlings in the permanent land
The soil is serviced well, smoothed and leveled, then 150 kg of superphosphate + 50 kg of agricultural sulfur is added to it.
The method of planting on terraces: –
In it, the land is planned into terraces with a width of 1 meter, and the seeds are sown on the back of the terrace, then covered with a jarbaa with newspaper or the back of a weed stump. In this way, an acre needs 30 kg of seed. This method facilitates the purity of the weeds and the ease of uprooting the seedlings.
Irrigate the land of the nursery: The lines are irrigated with irrigation, taking into account that it is cold so that the seeds do not drift away, taking into account that the water reaches the back of the line with weeds, provided that the water does not cover the heads of the lines, then the land of the nursery is irrigated with the second irrigation 3-4 days after the first, and the irrigation is repeated every 6-10 days. Irrigation is stopped about 10 days before the seedlings are taken out. Generally, irrigation is according to the nature of the land and the needs of the plant.
Fertilization: Add to the nursery 60 nitrogen units / feddan. To be added in two batches, i.e. 4 shikars of 33% ammonium nitrate. It is added in two batches, the first 20 days after planting and the second 15 days after the first batch, and it is added in a house or garden around the plant.
Weed control in the nursery: Care must be taken to control weeds in the nursery, and it is preferable to clean manually as long as possible, while avoiding trampling and weeding seedlings, or spraying broad and thin weed pesticides such as Joule pesticide at a rate of 0.5 liters per acre, provided that the spraying is after the formation of 3 leaves on the onion plant.
Resistance to nursery pests
– If the digger tunnels are observed in the land of the nursery immediately after the irrigation of cultivation and before sunset, it is resisted by making a poisonous bait that consists of (1¼ liter hostathion + 15-20 kg of corn grits + 1 liter of black honey, then left to ferment) and then distributed before sunset in the ground Arboretum.
As for preventive spraying, it is carried out in early nurseries after 30-40 days of planting. As for late nurseries, one spray is given against small onion fly and thrips with a 50% Ektellik pesticide, at a rate of 2 liters / acre, with a manual knapsack sprayer.
Seedling uprooting: Seedlings are pruned after about 50-60 days in early nurseries and after about 70 days in late nurseries. It is important that the seedlings be the size of a pencil and not have formed heads, as it increases the percentage of double bulbs and melons. Thin seedlings infected with insects and fungal diseases, especially white mold and pink carrot disease, should also be excluded. as well as wounded and broken saplings, It is also possible, in the event that the seedlings reach the appropriate size, and after the seedling sorting procedure, about a third of their vegetative growth is cut off and tied in small bundles, each with about 100-200 seedlings, and placed vertically in a dry, shaded place.
It can be preserved for a period of 2-3 weeks until the land is prepared for cultivation, with the exclusion of seedlings that formed heads during this period.
Immediately before planting, a slurry is made with a suspended work of soil, water and bio-fertilizer (Hulks) and the roots of the seedlings are dipped in it immediately before seeding, because of its importance, as mentioned previously, in improving the characteristics of the crop, increasing it, early maturity, and increasing the ability of the crop to resist diseases in the soil.
farming methods
Onions in the permafrost
First- The cultivation method in brief:
The land is prepared for cultivation and prepared by plowing the land 2-3 times, taking into account the plowing and the land tilled until it is smooth, then the land creeps and is well leveled with the addition of the following fertilizers before the last plowing:
1- Add 10-15 m3 of old decomposed municipal fertilizer.
2- Add from 300-400 kg/f super phosphate 15.5%.
3- Add 100-150 kg/feddan granulated agricultural sulfur.
Then the land is plowed to stir and mix these fertilizers, and the leveling is done, then the land is divided into slices according to the flatness of the ground, and the canals are cut, and the paving stones work to make a channel, then buns, and so on alternately, and the width of the slab is from 6-7 meters so that the irrigation process can be controlled, then the onion seedlings are planted in lines that form perpendicular to the canals, and the distance between the seedlings is 7-10 cm, then the soil is piled around the seedlings, and so on.
composting
1- Phosphate fertilizer is added at a rate of 6-8 shekara per acre of super phosphate fertilizer, 15% added during land service, before planning and before planting seedlings.
2- Nitrogen fertilizer is added at a rate of 100-120 nitrogen units/feddan, i.e. about 5 shillings of urea 46% or 7 shillings of ammonium nitrate 33.5%, provided that the nitrogenous fertilizer is added in two batches.
– The first batch is added after a month of onion seedlings, in which ½ the amount of nitrogenous fertilizer is added.
The second batch of nitrogenous fertilizer is added a month after adding the first batch, i.e. two months after transplanting.
3- Potassium sulfate fertilizer 50% is added at a rate of 100 kg per acre, after a month and a half of cultivation.
4- Also, the addition of nitrogen fertilizer should not be delayed beyond the specified date, so as not to delay ripening. It is also recommended to spray microelements in sandy and poor soils after 35 days of seedling and repeat after day 60 and after 80 of planting.
irrigation: Onion is one of the plants sensitive to irrigation, so the irrigation periods should be regular and the plants should not be thirsty and then irrigated because this exposes them to an increase in the percentage of double, peeled and stalked bulbs. Irrigation periods depend on the type of soil. Irrigation about a month before harvest in clay soils and two weeks in sandy and light soils. This is so that the moisture content of the onion decreases and it can be stored for a long time without damage.
Hoe the onions to remove weeds
First – manual control: Onions must be grown in lands that are not infested with perennial weeds, especially the grass, and the onions are usually hoeed two to three times according to the appearance and density of the weeds.
Second – chemical control: After 20 days of transplanting, to control the fine weeds in onions, and in the case of the presence of perennial weeds such as the municipal grass, we recommend spraying a 12.5% fuzilide at a rate of 1.250 liters per acre.
Resistance
1- Removing weeds from the ground.
2- Do not increase organic fertilizers (baladi manure).
3- Paying attention to agricultural operations while serving the land by turning over the land and exposing it to the sun and medical enemies
